Autism Co-Occurring Conditions: 10 Facts You Should Know

1.  Common Autism Co-Occurring Conditions

It’s estimated that around 70% of autistic individuals have at least one co-occurring mental health condition, while up to 40% have two or more. Dr. Rowley explains, “Co-occurring conditions can range from anxiety and depression to ADHD and epilepsy, each influencing the daily experiences of autistic individuals.” 

Recognizing that co-occurring conditions are common can help people better support autistic individuals, understanding that their needs may be multifaceted. 

2.  Anxiety Disorders Often Go Hand-in-Hand with Autism

Anxiety disorders are one of the most common co-occurring conditions in autism, with up to 50% of autistic individuals experiencing significant anxiety. This can manifest as social anxiety, generalized anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive tendencies. 

For example, an autistic person might find social gatherings or changes in routine overwhelming, leading to heightened stress or avoidance behaviors. 

Awareness of anxiety’s prevalence in autism can help families and educators offer a calmer, more predictable environment to ease these challenges. 

3.  Depression Is Also Common and May Present Differently

Autistic individuals are more likely to experience depression than the general population. However, symptoms may appear differently, sometimes manifesting as irritability, withdrawal, or changes in daily routines rather than sadness. 

Dr. Rowley explains, “Depression in autism can sometimes be overlooked because the symptoms don’t always align with typical presentations.” Understanding these subtleties can lead to better identification and support. 

Knowing how depression may present in autism allows for early recognition and appropriate intervention, helping prevent the escalation of symptoms. 

4.  ADHD Often Co-Occurs with Autism

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent co-occurring condition, leading to challenges with focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The overlap in symptoms can sometimes make it difficult to distinguish between autism and ADHD. 

For example, a child may exhibit hyper-focused interest in one topic (common in autism) but also have difficulty with sustained attention on tasks that don’t interest them (a hallmark of ADHD). 

Recognizing the co-occurrence of ADHD can help tailor approaches to support both attention and focus needs alongside autism interventions. 

5.  Epilepsy Is More Common in Autistic Individuals

Studies show that epilepsy affects about 20-30% of autistic individuals, a much higher rate than the general population. Epilepsy’s presence alongside autism can create additional considerations for medical care and daily support. 

Understanding the link between epilepsy and autism ensures that caregivers and healthcare providers are mindful of both neurological conditions and their impact on each other. 

6.  Gastrointestinal (GI) Issues Are Prevalent in Autism

Many autistic individuals experience chronic GI issues such as constipation, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. Research suggests that these symptoms could be related to sensory sensitivities or dietary preferences, making regular GI assessments essential. 

Dr. Rowley notes, “GI issues are incredibly common in autistic people, and addressing these concerns can significantly improve quality of life.” 

By being aware of GI sensitivities, families and caregivers can explore diet and lifestyle changes that alleviate discomfort and improve overall health. 

7.  Sensory Processing Challenges Are Widespread

Many autistic people experience heightened or reduced sensitivity to sensory stimuli, impacting their reactions to sounds, lights, textures, and other sensations. Sensory processing issues are not standalone conditions but are often intertwined with other co-occurring conditions. 

Acknowledging sensory needs can help create supportive environments, such as quiet spaces or flexible routines, to reduce stress and sensory overload. 

8.  Sleep Disorders Are More Common Among Autistic Individuals

Autistic individuals frequently struggle with sleep disorders, including insomnia, difficulty staying asleep, or irregular sleep patterns. These challenges may stem from sensory sensitivities or co-occurring anxiety and can impact their overall well-being. 

Awareness of sleep difficulties can prompt the development of soothing bedtime routines or consultation with sleep specialists to improve rest and energy levels. 

9.  Eating Disorders Can Present Differently in Autism

While eating disorders may not always appear in typical forms, autistic individuals may have unique eating challenges, such as restrictive eating due to sensory preferences. These behaviors may resemble eating disorders, but their causes and solutions are often different. 

Dr. Rowley advises, “With autism, eating preferences are often linked to sensory sensitivities rather than body image concerns, making tailored support crucial.” 

Understanding the sensory basis of eating challenges allows for supportive strategies that focus on sensory-friendly foods rather than conventional eating disorder interventions. 

10.  Mental Health Conditions Are Often Underdiagnosed in Autism

Mental health conditions like anxiety and depression can go undiagnosed in autistic individuals, partly due to the overlapping symptoms. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential, as Dr. Rowley emphasizes: “Mental health is an important part of autism care, and recognizing co-occurring conditions can make a significant difference in overall quality of life.” 

By prioritizing mental health evaluations in autism care, individuals can access appropriate therapies and support, enhancing their overall well-being. 

Final Thoughts on Co-Occurring Conditions in Autism

Autism spectrum disorder often exists alongside other health conditions that affect an individual’s daily life and require tailored support. As Dr. Rowley highlights, “Understanding and addressing co-occurring conditions can make a meaningful difference in the lives of autistic people.” By recognizing these conditions and taking steps to accommodate them, we can create a more supportive and inclusive environment that acknowledges the full scope of autism.